杭州浙大迪迅生物基因工程有限公司

　　原标题：在非工业化环境下，婴儿真菌和细菌失调与儿童过敏性哮喘的关系
　　①哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性病。最近，我们在小鼠和加拿大婴儿的生命早期发现了一个重要的窗口，在此期间，肠道微生物变化(失调)影响哮喘的发展。考虑到全球人类肠道微生物群的地理差异，我们研究了生活在不同发展中国家环境中的人群肠道微生物失调对过敏性哮喘的影响。②我们试图确定婴儿早期的微生物变化是否与非工业化环境下的过敏性哮喘的发展有关。③方法我们在厄瓜多尔农村的一个出生队列中进行了一项病例对照研究，其中我们确定了27名患有过敏性哮喘的儿童和70名5岁的健康对照受试者。我们使用16S和18S测序分析了3个月大的粪便样本中的细菌和真核菌群。利用16S rRNA数据，通过重建未观察到的状态，对群落进行系统发育研究，利用《京都基因百科全书》和基因组本体论对细菌的功能进行分类，预测细菌的元基因组。采用气相色谱法测定粪便短链脂肪酸的浓度。④正如之前在加拿大婴儿中观察到的，微生物在3个月大时的异常生长与后来过敏性哮喘的发展有关。然而，厄瓜多尔婴儿的微生态失调涉及不同的细菌类群，更为显著的是，也涉及几个真菌类群。预测的元基因组分析强调了碳水化合物和牛磺酸代谢相关基因的显著差异。在患有过敏性哮喘的3个月儿童的粪便样本中，乙酸盐和己酸盐的短链脂肪酸水平分别降低和升高。⑤我们的研究结果支持了真菌和细菌菌群在出生后100天内对过敏性哮喘发展的重要性，并为将调节肠道微生物群作为主要的哮喘预防策略提供了额外的支持。


延伸阅读
Associations between infant fungal and bacterial dysbiosis and childhood atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.041
Abstract:
Background
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood. Recently, we identified a critical window early in the life of both mice and Canadian infants during which gut microbial changes (dysbiosis) affect asthma development. Given geographic differences in human gut microbiota worldwide, we studied the effects of gut microbial dysbiosis on atopic wheeze in a population living in a distinct developing world environment.
Objective
We sought to determine whether microbial alterations in early infancy are associated with the development of atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting.
Methods
We conducted a case-control study nested within a birth cohort from rural Ecuador in which we identified 27 children with atopic wheeze and 70 healthy control subjects at 5 years of age. We analyzed bacterial and eukaryotic gut microbiota in stool samples collected at 3 months of age using 16S and 18S sequencing. Bacterial metagenomes were predicted from 16S rRNA data by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States and categorized by function with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ontology. Concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids were determined by using gas chromatography。
Results
As previously observed in Canadian infants, microbial dysbiosis at 3 months of age was associated with later development of atopic wheeze. However, the dysbiosis in Ecuadorian babies involved different bacterial taxa, was more pronounced, and also involved several fungal taxa. Predicted metagenomic analysis emphasized significant dysbiosis-associated differences in genes involved in carbohydrate and taurine metabolism. Levels of the fecal short-chain fatty acids acetate and caproate were reduced and increased, respectively, in the 3-month stool samples of children who went on to have atopic wheeze
Conclusions
Our findings support the importance of fungal and bacterial microbiota during the first 100 days of life on the development of atopic wheeze and provide additional support for considering modulation of the gut microbiome as a primary asthma prevention strategy.
All Authors:
Marie-Claire Arrieta Andrea ArévaloLeah Stiemsma Pedro Dimitriu Martha E. Chico Sofia Loor Maritza Vaca Rozlyn C.T. Boutin Evan Morien Mingliang Jin Stuart E. Turvey Jens Walter Laura Wegener Parfrey Philip J. Cooper Brett Finlay
　　创建过敏性疾病的科研、科普知识交流平台，为过敏患者提供专业诊断、治疗、预防的共享平台。