杭州浙大迪迅生物基因工程有限公司

       背景：过敏性疾病已成为富裕社会的主要公共卫生问题之一。生命早期的微生物定植似乎对指导儿童免疫系统成熟和过敏发展的调节至关重要。尽管口腔是大多数外来抗原与免疫系统接触的第一个部位，但口腔细菌对过敏反应发展的影响还没有很多报道。
方法：对3、6、12、24个月和7岁过敏儿童（n=47）以及7岁以下健康儿童（n=33）的唾液样本中口腔细菌组成成分特征采用16S rDNA基因的Illumina测序法测序。
结果：患过敏性疾病的儿童，尤其是哮喘的儿童，在7岁时唾液细菌的多样性较低，细菌成分差异较大，这些人的口腔微生物群明显改变，可能是婴儿期免疫系统受损的结果。此外，过敏儿童溶血孪生球菌（Gemella haemolysans）的相对数量上升，而健康儿童的格氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）和卷曲乳杆菌（L.crispatus）的相对数量增加，这些情况在婴儿早期是独特的，可能影响早期免疫成熟。

结论：口腔微生物成分的早期变化似乎影响免疫成熟和过敏的发展。未来的实验应该测试格氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）和卷曲乳杆菌（L.crispatus）两种益生菌的潜力。

延伸阅读
 Allergy                                                    

Oral microbiota maturation during the first 7 years of life in relation to allergy development 
DOI: 10.1111/all.13449
Background: Allergic diseases have become a major public health problem in affluent societies. Microbial colonization early in life seems to be critical for instructing regulation on immune system maturation and allergy development in children. Even though the oral cavity is the first site of encounter between a majority of foreign antigens and the immune system, the influence of oral bacteria on allergy development has not yet been reported.
Methods: Illumina sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene was used to characterize the oral bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age from children developing allergic symptoms and sensitization (n=47) and children staying healthy (n=33) up to seven years of age.
Results: Children developing allergic disease, particularly asthma, had lower diversity of salivary bacteria together with highly divergent bacterial composition at 7 years of age, showing a clearly altered oral microbiota in these individuals, likely as a consequence of an impaired immune system during infancy. Moreover, the relative amounts of several bacterial species, including increased abundance of Gemella haemolysans in children developing allergies and Lactobacillus gasseri and L.crispatus in healthy children, was distinctive during early infancy, likely influencing early immune maturation.
Conclusion: Early changes in oral microbial composition seem to influence immune maturation and allergy development. Future experiments should test the probiotic potential of L. gasseri and L.crispatus isolates.
First Author:
Majda Dzidic
All Authors:
Majda Dzidic, Thomas Abrahamsson,  Alejandro Artacho , Maria Carmen Collado , Alex Mira and Maria C Jenmalm,
创建过敏性疾病的科研、科普知识交流平台，为过敏患者提供专业诊断、治疗、预防的共享平台。